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ALQAEDA●●●BRITISHPRIMEMINISTERSTONYBLAIR●●●USPRESIDENTSGeraldFordXANANADEGUSMÃO●●●PRESIDENTESXANANA
DEGUSMÃO●●●SADDAMHUSSEINIRAQUE●●●TIMORXANANADEGUSMÃO●●●USPRESIDENTSGeraldFord●●●XANANADE
GUSMÃO
Thursday, Jan. 11, 2007
Fatherland. Socialism — or death. I swear it. I swear by Christ — the greatest socialist in history.
HUGOCHAVEZVenezuela
— Hugo Chavez
on being sworn in for a third term as Venezuela's President
Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2007
BRITISHPRIMEMINISTERSTONYBLAIR
So the crimes that Saddam committed does not excuse the manner of his execution, but the manner of his execution does not excuse the crimes.
— British prime minister Tony Blair
condemning Saddam Hussein's execution
AlQaeda
Al-Qaeda Leader Reported Killed in Somalia Was "Close to the Top"
Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2007 By BRIAN BENNETT/WASHINGTON
Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a suspected terrorist wanted in connection with the 1998 bombings of the United States Embassies Tanzania and Nairobi, is shown in a photo released by the FBI.
FBI / Getty
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If early reports are correct that Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was killed in Tuesday's air strike in Somalia, al-Qaeda will have lost a key operative in East Africa — and with him the years of nurturing and expertise invested in cultivating a kingpin.
The portrait of Mohammed that emerges from U.S. intelligence sources and courtroom documents suggests he was personally groomed by Osama bin Laden, and was one of the key planners of the 1998 simultaneous bombing of two U.S. embassies in East Africa. On the morning of August 7, 1998, he drove the lead truck to the embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. The resulting blast killed 224 including 12 Americans. Mohammed, who had been responsible for the basic logistics of the attack, such as renting the apartment to mix explosives and having it cleaned, escaped to his native Comoros Islands off the coast of Mozambique.
Bolstered by the success of his role in the embassy bombings, Mohammed remained in Africa and is believed to have become a leader of al-Qaeda's operations in Somalia, say officials. "It is a very significant event if he's been captured or killed," says Mary Jo White, former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, who indicted Mohammed along with Osama bin Laden and 19 others in absentia in 2000 for the embassy bombings. "He's close to top leadership of al-Qaeda."
He worked his way up into bin Laden's circle from the bottom. Mohammed was a teenager when he started down the jihadi path, leaving his family home in the impoverished Comoros at age 16 to study on a Saudi-sponsored scholarship at a religious school in Pakistan. Within a year, in 1991, he was training at an al-Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, learning urban warfare and counter-surveillance tactics. In 1993, when Osama bin Laden turned his attention to Africa, Mohammed was sent to Somalia to train local tribesmen to fight the United Nations intervention there.
He soon established himself as a guy who could get things done for bin Laden. According to the U.S. indictment, he hid sensitive papers for operatives, hand-delivered cash from Bin Laden to other parts of Africa and, in May 1996, traveled to Lake Victoria to investigate the death of an al-Qaeda military commander who died in a ferry accident, with instructions to report back directly to bin Laden.
After his indictment in 2000, says White, the U.S. government hoped to capture Mohammed alive, believing he could provide valuable information on al-Qaeda's structure in Africa. There were a "few times," says White, between 2000 and 2002 when "we had pretty good leads, but he escaped."
With his decade-long connections to Somali tribes, Mohammed is believed to have been al-Qaeda's key liaison with the Islamic Courts Union, which took control of Mogadishu and much of Somalia in the summer, but which was recently scattered by an Ethiopian invasion. The Pentagon is not confirming if Mohammed's body has been identified after the strike. "If he's dead, I'm glad," said an an official of the FBI, which lists Mohammed as one of its most wanted terrorists.
"He is an important person to capture or kill," says White, "for the vindication of the victims" of the embassy bombings. His death, says White, would mean "taking out of circulation someone who is very dangerous to have walking around in the world."
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Gerald R. Ford, 1913–2007 Learn about America's leader in the post-Nixon era at Biography.com®.http://rc12.overture.com/d/sr/?xargs=15KPjg17FSs5Xyl%5FruNLbXU7Demw1X18j2tJ5wW8A7W5YLoTA%2DCf4hO%2Dfex5wmFmRU2QGMlKaB%5F9MSL%5FNrqMuSEAmMTFOJHerpiIHFyYsrZaKgUNVOg7QpxOLviNNDT3h3Y2y3Dde%5FnZ%5FJINWMSmgd840GzQvqpbJjwGOA9d4bFbLQ0EQg9l6gJpIHmNYg88%2D3KO8AQrJDJtQ1qBbocZ1Ayt1z4e%5FXPyIEciaq8jQBqFv1Jjd%2Do63bIIIKsLP4kpnFZLGiyJBINUnFq7Y3%2DEnDiy%5FBnZw8O32Gl7VHkloMVan9ZyyahQs56KOM0qy0YYE%5F0V%2DvSczPVnz2dwF29XBhCJT%5FdE7aFVV17x6RIphHUPme&yargs=www.biography.com&type=sstop
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Memories of Gerald Ford (01.02.07, 9:33)
President Bush eulogizes Gerald Ford (01.02.07, 7:24)
A final goodbye to Gerald Ford (12.30.06, 3:10)
The legacy of Gerald Ford (12.30.06, 8:18)
Family, friends mourn Ford (12.29.06, 5:28)
1.
Racist murder or suicide? New mayor's death roils town (01.06.2007) In the hours before his death on the evening of December 30, the first black mayor of this overwhelmingly white town started learning his new job.
2.
Mayo Clinic: Elder Bush has second hip replaced (01.04.2007) Former President George H.W. Bush is "resting comfortably" after having his right hip replaced at the Mayo Clinic, the facility announced Thursday.
3.
Week of January 1 (01.04.2007) January 5, 2007
4.
First day of new Congress, Review of year's first headlines (01.04.2007) January 5, 2007
5.
UK teen breaks transatlantic record, Hindus gather at the Ganges (01.03.2007) January 4, 2007
6.
Former President Ford lauded, laid to rest (01.03.2007) The body of former President Gerald Ford ended its sentimental journey Wednesday afternoon in Grand Rapids, where his body was placed in a hillside tomb as the sun declined in the cloudless winter sky.
7.
Wednesday, January 3 (01.03.2007) WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The leaders of the new Democratic majority in the House will kick off their tenure Thursday with new rules designed to rein in the influence of lobbyists, limit free travel by members and make it harder for lawmakers to slip their pet projects into spending bills unnoticed.
8.
Former President Ford: Your memories (01.02.2007) Since former President Gerald Ford's death on December 26 at the age of 93, CNN.com has received hundreds of e-mails from readers sharing their memories and personal experiences with the nation's 38th president.
9.
Cheers greet police indicted in New Orleans bridge shootings (01.02.2007) Seven policemen charged in a deadly bridge shooting in the chaotic aftermath of Hurricane Katrina turned themselves in Tuesday at the city jail, where more than 200 emotional supporters met them in a show of solidarity.
10.
Euro hits record peak against yen (01.02.2007) The euro rose to a record peak against the Japanese yen and a near seven-year high versus the Swiss franc on Tuesday as hunger for rising yields looked to be setting the tone for early 2007.
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11.
Americans remember Gerald Ford, Iraqis react to Hussein's death
First Up: Remembering Gerald Ford
LLOYD: Thousands of Americans filed through the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol over the weekend to pay their respects to a renowned American leader. Former President Gerald Ford passed away on December 26th at age 93. Perhaps not surprisingly, he was the country's longest-living president. And though his time in office was relatively short, his impact remains. John King takes us on a walk through memories of a man who helped heal a country.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JOHN KING, CNN REPORTER: It was, by his own design, Gerald Ford's last day in Washington, began in the rotunda of the House. to remember a man is to retrace his steps in history. And the gentleman from Michigan served here for a quarter century.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: I watched here from the back bench, the political ally and adversary alike, Jerry Ford's word was always good. To know Jerry was to know a Norman Rockwell painting come to life.
KING: Across the capitol to the Senate. Vice Presidents also serve as presidents of the Senate. It was not a job he wanted.
PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH: When President Nixon needed to replace a Vice President who had resigned in scandal, he naturally turned to a man whose name was a synonym for integrity: Gerald R. Ford.
KING: He was vice president just eight short months. Son Steve wiping a tear before retracing his father's most important steps. Down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House.
HENRY KISSINGER, FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE: Propelled into the presidency by a sequence of unpredictable events, he had an impact so profound, it's rightly to be considered providential.
KING: In Washington's majestic National Cathedral, they gathered to remember the unassuming son of a broken family who held a nation together after its president resigned in disgrace.
BUSH: And when he thought the nation should put Watergate behind us, he made the tough and decent decision to pardon President Nixon, even though that decision probably cost him the presidential election.
KING: Just 2 and half years in the Oval Office, but days of considerable consequence, surviving the stain of Watergate and the humiliation of defeat in Vietnam.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: For this and so much more, his presidency will be remembered as a time of healing in our land. History has a way of matching man and moment.
KING: Mr. Ford's impact hardly ended when he left the White House. Vice President Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld are among the many old Ford hands who have had major roles in the current administration. Humor was one of Mr. Ford's best political tools and this self-deprecating man would have enjoyed one more laugh at his expense.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: "I know I'm playing better golf," President Ford once relayed to friends. "Because I'm hitting fewer spectators."
KING: And after a few last steps, and "Hail to the Chief" in a blustery breeze, what he would have cherished most: his beloved Betty looking on, making sure he was settled in comfortably for the final trip home.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Fast Facts
CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Time for some Fast Facts! The scandal known as Watergate started in 1972, when five burglars were arrested for breaking into the Democratic Party headquarters in Washington's Watergate Hotel. President Richard Nixon denied having anything to do with it, but it later became clear that he was involved in a cover-up of the scandal. The House of Representatives moved to impeach Nixon, and he resigned on August 8th, 1974, insisting he had never broken the law.
Calm After The Storm
LLOYD: Richard Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign from office. So in 1974, Gerald Ford -- who had once said he had no intention to run for president -- found himself serving as just that. And he had an exceptionally tough task ahead: To heal a skeptical and angry country. Jeanne Meserve tells us how Ford's first major move to do that, actually might've cost him a full four year term in office.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON (archive footage): I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow.
JEANNE MESERVE, CNN REPORTER: Watergate was this nation's Shakespearian tragedy. Richard Nixon left the White House but, like Hamlet's ghost, he haunted the country...strewing division, distrust, disillusionment. With one dramatic, politically perilous move his successor, Gerald Ford, hoped to move the country past it.
FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT GERALD FORD: Do grant, a full, free and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States.
MESERVE: But the pardon...sprung suddenly on a Sunday morning just one month after Ford took office...did not heal the country. To the contrary, some of the anger which had been focused on Nixon...was redirected at Ford himself.
YANEK MIECZKOWSKI, AUTHOR: It lead to suspicious that Ford had somehow colluded with Richard Nixon and it tainted what had become Ford's stock in trade during the first month of his president...which was here was a man from the Midwest of decent values who could restore integrity to the Oval Office.
MESERVE: Ford maintained that there was never any deal that Nixon would make him president exchange for a pardon. But nonetheless Ford's action triggered a plunge in his approval rating. Overnight it plummeted from 71 percent to fifty. And it contributed to his loss of the presidency to Jimmy Carter in 1976.
But Ford never voiced any regret about the pardon....which came to define his presidency.
FORD: It was my principle responsibility to restore integrity in the White House and to bring about healing in the country. I have no question that it was the right thing to do then, and I am more certain today.
MESERVE: And today most historians agree. Ford famously called Watergate...a national nightmare. With his pardon of Richard Nixon, some say he allowed the country to dream again. Jeanne Meserve, CNN, Washington.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Is this Legit?
AZUZ: Is This Legit? Gerald Ford was the only president who was never elected to the presidency or the vice presidency. True. President Nixon appointed Ford to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew; when Nixon later resigned, Ford became president.
Promo
LLOYD: A college football player, a U.S. Navy serviceman, a boxing coach, and a Yale University law school grad: Gerald Ford was all of them. For everything from a biography to a gallery of ford's life, head to our CNN.com special report. We've put a link at CNN.com/EDUCATION.
Saddam Hussein's Execution
LLOYD: Former Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein was buried on Sunday. It was a milestone in a war that began almost four years ago to remove him from power. Hussein was found guilty last year for committing crimes against humanity, and he was executed on Saturday. Teachers, you may want to preview this segment. John Lorinc reports on how some Iraqis responded.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JOHN LORINC, CNN REPORTER: Sunni prayers marked the burial of Iraq's former president Sunday just outside his hometown of Tikrit. The mood in the streets over the weekend was tense, with protesters loudly calling Hussein a hero and a martyr. The scene was in stark contrast to the jubilant reaction among Shi'ite Iraqis, many of whom lost members of their own family to the wrath of the brutal Hussein regime. There are still concerns over how Saddam's execution will affect overall security in Iraq, where staggering death tolls have become a daily occurrence. One member of the Iraqi government is hoping sensibility will prevail:
FEISAL ISTRABADI, DEPUTY PERMANENT REP. OF IRAQ TO U.N.: He was not the rallying cry for any of those who are carrying out acts of violence in Iraq today. I think he's seen very much as part of our, unfortunately, grim and tragic history.
LORINC: President Bush praised Iraqis for carrying out the proceedings against Hussein based on the rule of law, but also said that many sacrifices and difficult decisions lay ahead. I'm John Lorinc reporting from Atlanta.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Before We Go
LLOYD: She's a star talk-show host who's met about every celebrity you can think of. And now, America's Oprah Winfrey is hoping she can change another country: South Africa. Yesterday, Winfrey opened a $ 40 million school for disadvantaged girls. Her aim is to give them a better education than they would've gotten otherwise, and to help them chase the same dreams you do. It's also the fulfillment of a promise Winfrey once made to former South African leader Nelson Mandela. Plans are now in the works for another school for both boys and girls.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JEFF KOINANGE, CNN REPORTER: The fulfillment of a dream come true. At least, that's what U.S. talk show host Oprah Winfrey says as she opened her Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls here, outside Johannesburg. Set on 52 acres, and housing 28 buildings, everything from a library with a fireplace, a kitchen with marble tabletops, dormitories,audio visual center, a gym, tennis courts. You name it. Oprah spending more than 40 million dollars to make a dream come true and she says its a culmination of a promise she made more than half a decade ago.
OPRAH WINFREY, TALK SHOW HOST: This has been the most fulfilling, the most rewarding experience of my life. It has filled me up. So today I stand before you a full woman. My cup runneth over with love for these girls.
KOINANGE: And on hand, to help Oprah celebrate this day, Hollywood's A-list. from the movies and music industries. Everyone from Tina Turner, Maria Carey, Mary J. Blige Quincy Jones. Everyone from Chris Tucker to Chris Rock to Sydney Poitier and many, many more. But at the end of the day, Oprah says, it's not about the stars, it's about the girls, but mostly about the future of this country and this continent. Jeff Koinange, Henley-on-Klip, South Africa.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Goodbye
LLOYD: We hope you'll join us tomorrow, when CNN Student News returns. I'm Monica Lloyd.
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Administration sells troop buildup
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Interactive Feature
SADDAMHUSSEINIRAQUE
Death of the Iraqi Tyrant
Neil MacFarquhar and John F. Burns report on the life and legacy of Saddam Hussein.
Interactive Feature
Interactive Feature: Hussein Sentenced to Death
John F. Burns reports on the scene in the courtroom as the former Iraqi leader was sentenced to death by hanging.
News, commentary and multimedia about Saddam Hussein from The New York Times.Obituary: For 30 Years, a Terror to Iraq and Neighbors (December 30, 2006)Readers' OpinionsReaders shared thoughts on the execution.
Related: Iraq Complete Coverage: The Reach of War Qusay Hussein Uday Hussein
Photographs: Remembering the Attacks
Many Kurds will have their first taste of retribution as the genocide trial against Saddam Hussein begins.
News, commentary and multimedia about Saddam Hussein from The New York Times.Obituary: For 30 Years, a Terror to Iraq and Neighbors (December 30, 2006)Readers' OpinionsReaders shared thoughts on the execution.
Related: Iraq Complete Coverage: The Reach of War Qusay Hussein Uday Hussein
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ARTICLES ABOUT SADDAM HUSSEIN
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Hussein’s Voice Speaks in Court in Praise of Chemical Atrocities
By JOHN F. BURNS
In recordings played in court, Saddam Hussein was heard justifying the use of chemical weapons against the Iraqi Kurds.
January 9, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE, IRAQ
A New Video Posted on Web Shows Hussein After His Death
By MARC SANTORA
The release of the video came as criticism of how Saddam Hussein was taunted as he stood on the gallows continued to reverberate.
January 9, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, BAATH PARTY, IRAQ
Hussein’s Voice Speaks in Court in Praise of Atrocities
By JOHN F. BURNS
In recordings played today in court, Saddam Hussein was heard justifying the use of chemical weapons against the Iraqi Kurds.
January 8, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE, IRAQ
The Timely Death of Gerald Ford
By FRANK RICH
Our long national nightmare in Iraq, far from being over, is about to get a second wind.
January 7, 2007 Opinion Op-Ed
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, UNITED STATES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, FORD, GERALD RUDOLPH JR, IRAQ
In Days Before Hanging, a Push for Revenge and a Push Back From the U.S.
By JOHN F. BURNS
Iraqi and American officials feuded over the execution of Saddam Hussein, and now they offer competing versions of what happened.
January 7, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, IRAQ
THE NATION; A Slim Guidebook for Executing a Deposed Ruler
By MARY JO MURPHY
There’s more “honor” in a bullet than a rope, but history’s examples are few.
January 7, 2007 Week in Review News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, LOUIS XVI, KING OF FRANCE, BHUTTO, ZULFIKAR ALI
Images of Hanging Make Hussein a Martyr to Many
By HASSAN M. FATTAH
Saddam Hussein’s public image in the Arab world has undergone a resurgence of admiration and awe.
January 6, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SUNNI MUSLIMS, ISLAM, SHIITE MUSLIMS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, PUBLIC OPINION, MIDDLE EAST
Lawmakers Criticize Video of Hussein’s Final Minutes
By JEFF ZELENY and HELENE COOPER
Several Republican senators said they were troubled by the video and fearful of the reverberations it could provoke.
January 5, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), MCCAIN, JOHN, SENATE, IRAQ
Boy Hangs Himself After Seeing Reports of Hussein’s Execution
By MAUREEN BALLEZA
The boy watched television reports about Saddam Hussein’s execution and asked about it, said an uncle.
January 5, 2007 U.S. News
OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR; Denying the Facts, Finding the Truth
By SLAVOJ ZIZEK
The United States is continuing, through other means, the greatest crime of Saddam Hussein: his never-ending attempt to topple the Iranian government.
January 5, 2007 Opinion Op-Ed
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, WAR CRIMES, GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, KIRKPATRICK, JEANE J, HAGUE (NETHERLANDS), IRAQ
The Ugly Death of Saddam Hussein
Editorial says outrageous manner of Saddam Hussein's hanging shows why Prime Min Nuri Kamal al-Maliki is not likely to produce national unity government that Bush administration demands and that Iraq desperately needs
January 4, 2007 Opinion Editorial
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, EDITORIALS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, BUSH, GEORGE W, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ; Iraq Defends Hanging, But Holds Hussein Guard
By JAMES GLANZ and JOHN F. BURNS; REPORTING WAS CONTRIBUTED BY MARC SANTORA, SABRINA TAVERNISE, KHALID W. HASSAN, KHALID AL-ANSARY, and ALI ADEEB FROM BAGHDAD, and DAVID STOUT FROM WASHINGTON.
Iraqi Prime Min Nuri Kamal al-Maliki's office mounts its first public defense of way government carried out execution of Saddam
Hussein, saying Iraqi authorities have detained guard who they believe was involved in recording moment in macabre and unauthorized video that has generated revulsion around world; Iraqi officials seek to challenge impression that Hussein, for all his brutal crimes, behaved with more dignity in his final minutes than his seemingly thuggish executioners; United States mi...
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
Hussein Poem: Baathists Bloom, Enemy Is Hollow
Following is the first half of a poem attributed to Saddam Hussein, as transcribed and translated by The New York Times from a reading by his cousin Muayed Dhamin al-Hazza.
January 4, 2007 World News
From Hussein, a Florid Farewell to the Iraqi People
By MARC SANTORA and JOHN F. BURNS
Verses written by Saddam Hussein after he was sentenced to death are his last written words, his relatives said.
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: POETRY AND POETS, IRAQ
Despite Misgivings, White House Says Little Against Hanging
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
Spokesmen for President Bush said he had not seen the execution video, and Mr. Bush himself refused to answer questions about it.
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, BUSH, GEORGE W, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
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PRESIDENTESXANANADEGUSMÃO
TIMORXANANADEGUSMÃO
XANANADEGUSMÃO
SEPTEMBER 6, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 9Ballot Power
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIMESMOKING GUN: Joaquim Bernardino Guterres, 25, a pro-independence demonstrator armed only with a pair of rocks, flees Indonesian police on a Dili street; seconds later a policeman shoots and kills him (below).
As East Timor's long-suffering people vote on their future, they are powerless to answer the biggest question of all: Will the violence ever stop?By ANTHONY SPAETH When a nation is born, joy is frequently accompanied by tragedy and chaos. East Timor took a step down the road to independence this week, as more than 400,000 Timorese readied their votes for a referendum on their future. But for all the hope and courage on display on this remote half-island in the Timor Sea, there is an equal measure of fear. Where they should be looking forward, many Timorese are instead mourning for their dead, and an atmosphere of intimidation is in evidence everywhere, from the most remote, upland villages to the open-air stalls of downtown Dili, East Timor's capital. "I need to choose what I want for my country," says a woman vendor as she arranges her scanty offerings of garlic, beans and jackfruit. "I'm only a simple person, but I do have rights."
ALSO IN TIME
InterviewXanana Gusmão looks to independence ViewpointMegawati and the army still don't get it
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ASIAWEEK'We Will Forget the Past'Xanana Gusmão on independence for East Timor Fairness, Or ElseRamos-Horta's East Timor hackers threaten Jakarta
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Indonesia and East Timor
At that moment, an aggressive stranger in a headscarf swaggers across the lane. He flashes his knife and starts to move on. Then comes an ominous thwack: the knife lodges in the wooden bench inches from where the vendor sits. She falls silent. In a microcosm, this is the struggle going on in East Timor. In Monday's referendum, the East Timorese, long-suppressed by overlords in distant Jakarta, are expressing their view on whether or not the territory is to remain a part of Indonesia. But whether their voice will be heard depends on factors beyond their control: those shuddering knives in downtown Dili; the taunting mobs with red-and-white headbands; the threatening displays of bayonets, sidearms and semi-automatic rifles throughout the villages. There are plenty of people who don't want East Timor to break away; some have been trying to frighten people into voting their way, or to skip the referendum altogether. The sense of fear reached a crescendo late last week: on the last two days of official campaigning, at least nine people were killed in the province. According to eyewitnesses, one of the victims, a 25-year-old man, was shot in the head last Thursday by a policeman, part of the Indonesian force called in to protect East Timorese ahead of the vote. Amid the violence, hundreds of people swarmed the piers Friday to fight for space on the last ferry out before the vote. Pro-independence leader Xanana Gusmão called for an armed peacekeeping force to take over, while the United Nations Security Council agreed to increase its unarmed police and military liaisons in the territory. Whether attempts to skew the referendum succeed won't be known until the results are released next week. On the eve of the poll, there was no shortage of Timorese who swore they would stare down the anti-independence forces and vote against Jakarta. "People are prepared to give everything they have for peace and freedom," says Ines Almeida, a political activist who returned from 23 years' exile in Australia to cast her ballot. "If we miss this opportunity, we will stay in hell forever." But even if pro-independence sentiments prevail at the ballot box, Timor's instability and tension aren't likely to simply disappear. Other, more sinister, promises were also being made last week, by people like Helio Caetano Moniz, a member of Live or Die with Indonesia, a militia based in the western part of East Timor. If the vote doesn't go for Indonesia, he warned: "Without a doubt, there is going to be a bloodbath."
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIME
For the moment, however, the bigger story is the rebirth of optimism, which had been nearly non-existent in East Timor. Before the fall of President Suharto in mid-1998, the province was in the iron grip of Jakarta. Suharto ordered the 1975 invasion that captured the territory--resulting in the deaths of some 200,000 civilians and up to 10,000 soldiers--though the resulting political union was never acknowledged by the U.N. or any country save neighboring Australia. Suharto poured billions of dollars of development funds into his new province, dispatched thousands of migrants to speed integration and posted soldiers and intelligence operatives throughout East Timor to deal with the frequently restive locals. Successor B.J. Habibie, however, took the opposite approach early in his presidential term, a move that won international praise. He gave the go-ahead for Monday's U.N.-sponsored referendum, which asks Timorese one simple question: whether or not they want their home to be an autonomous region of Indonesia. A "no" vote implies a preference for full independence. The choices are depicted with stark simplicity on the referendum ballot paper. At the top is a drawing of East Timor with the red-and-white flag of Indonesia; at the bottom, for a "no" vote, the image of the island bears the flag of the National Council of Timorese Resistance, an umbrella group of pro-independence organizations. Habibie says that if the East Timorese reject autonomy, he will start the constitutional process of granting it independence. Similarly, Megawati Sukarnoputri, whose Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle won the largest number of parliamentary seats in June elections, has publicly grumbled about losing East Timor, but has pledged to grant independence if voters reject Indonesia's autonomy offer.
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIME
Many in East Timor wish to preserve the link with Jakarta. There are 18,000 civil servants, whose jobs would be at risk, as well as 50,000 migrants from other parts of Indonesia. No one knows if the rugged territory, even with natural resources such as marble and sandalwood, could survive on its own. "Come back in a month," says a skeptical Colonel Noer Muis, military commander of East Timor, "and Dili could look like a cowboy town." Portugal, the territory's former colonial master, has pledged to underwrite the province's annual budget of about $100 million for an unspecified number of years of independence. After that, East Timor could become a foreign aid junkie. The pro-autonomy movement and the Indonesian government maintain that once outside the ASEAN trade block, East Timor will have no market for its scant exports. The loss of even one province strikes many as the thin edge of the separatist wedge in unstable, post-Suharto Indonesia. Nationalistic movements are also percolating in the provinces of Aceh, Irian Jaya and Riau. "For Indonesia, East Timor is not at all viable to keep in economic terms," says Suko Bandiyono, senior researcher at Jakarta's Centre for Population and Human Resources Studies. "But in political terms, we need it--if only to keep the country together." Pro-independence Timorese flip-flop that argument. "The rest of Indonesia is falling apart," says Chiquito de Almeida, a staff member of the provincial legislature in the town of Ainaro. "We would rather stand alone and deal with our problems in our own way." East Timor, unlike other Indonesian provinces, is predominantly Roman Catholic and identifies strongly with its Portuguese past. Fears that East Timor could push the archipelago nation toward disintegration are no doubt the root cause of the recent bloodshed. And that tension could continue for a long time. Despite the U.N.'s 1,000 representatives already in East Timor, plus 8,000 Indonesian policemen charged with keeping the peace, armed militia groups have spent the last five months spreading terror in the countryside. (Police have also been involved in recent violence.) In Dili, the armed groups have broken into offices of pro-independence organizations and assassinated people like Manelito Carracalao, the 17-year-old son of pro-independence leader Manuel Carrascalao. The Indonesian military insists it has nothing to do with the militias. But at least two former paramilitary groups established by the military, the Halilintar (Lightning) paramilitary squad and the Garda Paksi (Axis Guard), have transformed themselves into armed opponents of independence. "They became pro-integration militias when the issue of a vote came up," says Andrew McNaughtan, a pro-East Timor activist in Australia. "In Latin American terms they would be known as death squads." All of the local factions, including those run by the pro-independence factions, were supposed to disarm before the referendum. But the thugs with the headbands continue to brandish their guns. Not far from East Timor's western border with the province of East Nusatenggara, a group called Besi Merah Putih (Red-and-White Iron) mans the roadblocks. Anyone who approaches receives a stern warning from heavies with machetes, clubs and semi-automatic rifles. "Turn around for your own safety," one wild-eyed militia member barks to a foreign journalist. "This is a controlled area." In Dili last week, gun-wielding members of a militia known as Aitarak chased reporters toward a hotel. "We got halfway across the no-man's land," says Chris Jones, cameraman for New Zealand's TV 3, "and they just opened fire at us." After a violent incident in Dili last week, Indonesian Lieut. General J.J. Sitompul arrived by helicopter to survey the scene and was asked how the trouble began. "That's a hard question," he said. "How did Kosovo happen?" Despite official denials, people in East Timor assume the military is behind the militias, both to protect Indonesia from disintegration and to safeguard the armed forces' own 24 years' investment in East Timor--in businesses and emotional attachments. But they may ultimately find themselves unable to stop the change. The post-Suharto era is still at a politically inchoate stage; the parliament that convenes in October will be the first democratically functioning body in nearly five decades, and it's anybody's guess how well it will function. The East Timor question may be one of its first considerations. If the referendum is defeated soundly, the newly elected members of the People's Consultative Assembly, or MPR, will have little choice but to heed the voice of the East Timorese. The question is whether weeks of intimidation have managed to make the vote tight. "If they can make the result close to 50-50," says Gusmão, who heads the National Council of Timorese Resistance, "the result will confuse the MPR." Even if the independence supporters prevail, there's no surety of a quick peace in East Timor. "If the independence camp wins," vows Marcelo Pereira, a civil servant in Dili, "we won't accept that and there will be no end to the conflict." East Timor took a big step this week--into an altogether uncertain future. Reported by Jason Tedjasukmana/Ainaro, Lisa Rose Weaver/Dili, Zamira Loebis/Jakarta and Lisa Clausen/Melbourne
This edition's table of contentsTIME Asia home
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ALQAEDA●●●BRITISHPRIMEMINISTERSTONYBLAIR●●●USPRESIDENTSGeraldFordXANANADEGUSMÃO●●●PRESIDENTESXANANA
DEGUSMÃO●●●SADDAMHUSSEINIRAQUE●●●TIMORXANANADEGUSMÃO●●●USPRESIDENTSGeraldFord●●●XANANADE
GUSMÃO
Thursday, Jan. 11, 2007
Fatherland. Socialism — or death. I swear it. I swear by Christ — the greatest socialist in history.
HUGOCHAVEZVenezuela
— Hugo Chavez
on being sworn in for a third term as Venezuela's President
Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2007
BRITISHPRIMEMINISTERSTONYBLAIR
So the crimes that Saddam committed does not excuse the manner of his execution, but the manner of his execution does not excuse the crimes.
— British prime minister Tony Blair
condemning Saddam Hussein's execution
AlQaeda
Al-Qaeda Leader Reported Killed in Somalia Was "Close to the Top"
Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2007 By BRIAN BENNETT/WASHINGTON
Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a suspected terrorist wanted in connection with the 1998 bombings of the United States Embassies Tanzania and Nairobi, is shown in a photo released by the FBI.
FBI / Getty
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If early reports are correct that Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was killed in Tuesday's air strike in Somalia, al-Qaeda will have lost a key operative in East Africa — and with him the years of nurturing and expertise invested in cultivating a kingpin.
The portrait of Mohammed that emerges from U.S. intelligence sources and courtroom documents suggests he was personally groomed by Osama bin Laden, and was one of the key planners of the 1998 simultaneous bombing of two U.S. embassies in East Africa. On the morning of August 7, 1998, he drove the lead truck to the embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. The resulting blast killed 224 including 12 Americans. Mohammed, who had been responsible for the basic logistics of the attack, such as renting the apartment to mix explosives and having it cleaned, escaped to his native Comoros Islands off the coast of Mozambique.
Bolstered by the success of his role in the embassy bombings, Mohammed remained in Africa and is believed to have become a leader of al-Qaeda's operations in Somalia, say officials. "It is a very significant event if he's been captured or killed," says Mary Jo White, former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, who indicted Mohammed along with Osama bin Laden and 19 others in absentia in 2000 for the embassy bombings. "He's close to top leadership of al-Qaeda."
He worked his way up into bin Laden's circle from the bottom. Mohammed was a teenager when he started down the jihadi path, leaving his family home in the impoverished Comoros at age 16 to study on a Saudi-sponsored scholarship at a religious school in Pakistan. Within a year, in 1991, he was training at an al-Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, learning urban warfare and counter-surveillance tactics. In 1993, when Osama bin Laden turned his attention to Africa, Mohammed was sent to Somalia to train local tribesmen to fight the United Nations intervention there.
He soon established himself as a guy who could get things done for bin Laden. According to the U.S. indictment, he hid sensitive papers for operatives, hand-delivered cash from Bin Laden to other parts of Africa and, in May 1996, traveled to Lake Victoria to investigate the death of an al-Qaeda military commander who died in a ferry accident, with instructions to report back directly to bin Laden.
After his indictment in 2000, says White, the U.S. government hoped to capture Mohammed alive, believing he could provide valuable information on al-Qaeda's structure in Africa. There were a "few times," says White, between 2000 and 2002 when "we had pretty good leads, but he escaped."
With his decade-long connections to Somali tribes, Mohammed is believed to have been al-Qaeda's key liaison with the Islamic Courts Union, which took control of Mogadishu and much of Somalia in the summer, but which was recently scattered by an Ethiopian invasion. The Pentagon is not confirming if Mohammed's body has been identified after the strike. "If he's dead, I'm glad," said an an official of the FBI, which lists Mohammed as one of its most wanted terrorists.
"He is an important person to capture or kill," says White, "for the vindication of the victims" of the embassy bombings. His death, says White, would mean "taking out of circulation someone who is very dangerous to have walking around in the world."
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Memories of Gerald Ford (01.02.07, 9:33)
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1.
Racist murder or suicide? New mayor's death roils town (01.06.2007) In the hours before his death on the evening of December 30, the first black mayor of this overwhelmingly white town started learning his new job.
2.
Mayo Clinic: Elder Bush has second hip replaced (01.04.2007) Former President George H.W. Bush is "resting comfortably" after having his right hip replaced at the Mayo Clinic, the facility announced Thursday.
3.
Week of January 1 (01.04.2007) January 5, 2007
4.
First day of new Congress, Review of year's first headlines (01.04.2007) January 5, 2007
5.
UK teen breaks transatlantic record, Hindus gather at the Ganges (01.03.2007) January 4, 2007
6.
Former President Ford lauded, laid to rest (01.03.2007) The body of former President Gerald Ford ended its sentimental journey Wednesday afternoon in Grand Rapids, where his body was placed in a hillside tomb as the sun declined in the cloudless winter sky.
7.
Wednesday, January 3 (01.03.2007) WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The leaders of the new Democratic majority in the House will kick off their tenure Thursday with new rules designed to rein in the influence of lobbyists, limit free travel by members and make it harder for lawmakers to slip their pet projects into spending bills unnoticed.
8.
Former President Ford: Your memories (01.02.2007) Since former President Gerald Ford's death on December 26 at the age of 93, CNN.com has received hundreds of e-mails from readers sharing their memories and personal experiences with the nation's 38th president.
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Cheers greet police indicted in New Orleans bridge shootings (01.02.2007) Seven policemen charged in a deadly bridge shooting in the chaotic aftermath of Hurricane Katrina turned themselves in Tuesday at the city jail, where more than 200 emotional supporters met them in a show of solidarity.
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11.
Americans remember Gerald Ford, Iraqis react to Hussein's death
First Up: Remembering Gerald Ford
LLOYD: Thousands of Americans filed through the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol over the weekend to pay their respects to a renowned American leader. Former President Gerald Ford passed away on December 26th at age 93. Perhaps not surprisingly, he was the country's longest-living president. And though his time in office was relatively short, his impact remains. John King takes us on a walk through memories of a man who helped heal a country.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JOHN KING, CNN REPORTER: It was, by his own design, Gerald Ford's last day in Washington, began in the rotunda of the House. to remember a man is to retrace his steps in history. And the gentleman from Michigan served here for a quarter century.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: I watched here from the back bench, the political ally and adversary alike, Jerry Ford's word was always good. To know Jerry was to know a Norman Rockwell painting come to life.
KING: Across the capitol to the Senate. Vice Presidents also serve as presidents of the Senate. It was not a job he wanted.
PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH: When President Nixon needed to replace a Vice President who had resigned in scandal, he naturally turned to a man whose name was a synonym for integrity: Gerald R. Ford.
KING: He was vice president just eight short months. Son Steve wiping a tear before retracing his father's most important steps. Down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House.
HENRY KISSINGER, FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE: Propelled into the presidency by a sequence of unpredictable events, he had an impact so profound, it's rightly to be considered providential.
KING: In Washington's majestic National Cathedral, they gathered to remember the unassuming son of a broken family who held a nation together after its president resigned in disgrace.
BUSH: And when he thought the nation should put Watergate behind us, he made the tough and decent decision to pardon President Nixon, even though that decision probably cost him the presidential election.
KING: Just 2 and half years in the Oval Office, but days of considerable consequence, surviving the stain of Watergate and the humiliation of defeat in Vietnam.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: For this and so much more, his presidency will be remembered as a time of healing in our land. History has a way of matching man and moment.
KING: Mr. Ford's impact hardly ended when he left the White House. Vice President Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld are among the many old Ford hands who have had major roles in the current administration. Humor was one of Mr. Ford's best political tools and this self-deprecating man would have enjoyed one more laugh at his expense.
FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: "I know I'm playing better golf," President Ford once relayed to friends. "Because I'm hitting fewer spectators."
KING: And after a few last steps, and "Hail to the Chief" in a blustery breeze, what he would have cherished most: his beloved Betty looking on, making sure he was settled in comfortably for the final trip home.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Fast Facts
CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Time for some Fast Facts! The scandal known as Watergate started in 1972, when five burglars were arrested for breaking into the Democratic Party headquarters in Washington's Watergate Hotel. President Richard Nixon denied having anything to do with it, but it later became clear that he was involved in a cover-up of the scandal. The House of Representatives moved to impeach Nixon, and he resigned on August 8th, 1974, insisting he had never broken the law.
Calm After The Storm
LLOYD: Richard Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign from office. So in 1974, Gerald Ford -- who had once said he had no intention to run for president -- found himself serving as just that. And he had an exceptionally tough task ahead: To heal a skeptical and angry country. Jeanne Meserve tells us how Ford's first major move to do that, actually might've cost him a full four year term in office.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON (archive footage): I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow.
JEANNE MESERVE, CNN REPORTER: Watergate was this nation's Shakespearian tragedy. Richard Nixon left the White House but, like Hamlet's ghost, he haunted the country...strewing division, distrust, disillusionment. With one dramatic, politically perilous move his successor, Gerald Ford, hoped to move the country past it.
FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT GERALD FORD: Do grant, a full, free and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States.
MESERVE: But the pardon...sprung suddenly on a Sunday morning just one month after Ford took office...did not heal the country. To the contrary, some of the anger which had been focused on Nixon...was redirected at Ford himself.
YANEK MIECZKOWSKI, AUTHOR: It lead to suspicious that Ford had somehow colluded with Richard Nixon and it tainted what had become Ford's stock in trade during the first month of his president...which was here was a man from the Midwest of decent values who could restore integrity to the Oval Office.
MESERVE: Ford maintained that there was never any deal that Nixon would make him president exchange for a pardon. But nonetheless Ford's action triggered a plunge in his approval rating. Overnight it plummeted from 71 percent to fifty. And it contributed to his loss of the presidency to Jimmy Carter in 1976.
But Ford never voiced any regret about the pardon....which came to define his presidency.
FORD: It was my principle responsibility to restore integrity in the White House and to bring about healing in the country. I have no question that it was the right thing to do then, and I am more certain today.
MESERVE: And today most historians agree. Ford famously called Watergate...a national nightmare. With his pardon of Richard Nixon, some say he allowed the country to dream again. Jeanne Meserve, CNN, Washington.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Is this Legit?
AZUZ: Is This Legit? Gerald Ford was the only president who was never elected to the presidency or the vice presidency. True. President Nixon appointed Ford to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew; when Nixon later resigned, Ford became president.
Promo
LLOYD: A college football player, a U.S. Navy serviceman, a boxing coach, and a Yale University law school grad: Gerald Ford was all of them. For everything from a biography to a gallery of ford's life, head to our CNN.com special report. We've put a link at CNN.com/EDUCATION.
Saddam Hussein's Execution
LLOYD: Former Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein was buried on Sunday. It was a milestone in a war that began almost four years ago to remove him from power. Hussein was found guilty last year for committing crimes against humanity, and he was executed on Saturday. Teachers, you may want to preview this segment. John Lorinc reports on how some Iraqis responded.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JOHN LORINC, CNN REPORTER: Sunni prayers marked the burial of Iraq's former president Sunday just outside his hometown of Tikrit. The mood in the streets over the weekend was tense, with protesters loudly calling Hussein a hero and a martyr. The scene was in stark contrast to the jubilant reaction among Shi'ite Iraqis, many of whom lost members of their own family to the wrath of the brutal Hussein regime. There are still concerns over how Saddam's execution will affect overall security in Iraq, where staggering death tolls have become a daily occurrence. One member of the Iraqi government is hoping sensibility will prevail:
FEISAL ISTRABADI, DEPUTY PERMANENT REP. OF IRAQ TO U.N.: He was not the rallying cry for any of those who are carrying out acts of violence in Iraq today. I think he's seen very much as part of our, unfortunately, grim and tragic history.
LORINC: President Bush praised Iraqis for carrying out the proceedings against Hussein based on the rule of law, but also said that many sacrifices and difficult decisions lay ahead. I'm John Lorinc reporting from Atlanta.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Before We Go
LLOYD: She's a star talk-show host who's met about every celebrity you can think of. And now, America's Oprah Winfrey is hoping she can change another country: South Africa. Yesterday, Winfrey opened a $ 40 million school for disadvantaged girls. Her aim is to give them a better education than they would've gotten otherwise, and to help them chase the same dreams you do. It's also the fulfillment of a promise Winfrey once made to former South African leader Nelson Mandela. Plans are now in the works for another school for both boys and girls.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
JEFF KOINANGE, CNN REPORTER: The fulfillment of a dream come true. At least, that's what U.S. talk show host Oprah Winfrey says as she opened her Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls here, outside Johannesburg. Set on 52 acres, and housing 28 buildings, everything from a library with a fireplace, a kitchen with marble tabletops, dormitories,audio visual center, a gym, tennis courts. You name it. Oprah spending more than 40 million dollars to make a dream come true and she says its a culmination of a promise she made more than half a decade ago.
OPRAH WINFREY, TALK SHOW HOST: This has been the most fulfilling, the most rewarding experience of my life. It has filled me up. So today I stand before you a full woman. My cup runneth over with love for these girls.
KOINANGE: And on hand, to help Oprah celebrate this day, Hollywood's A-list. from the movies and music industries. Everyone from Tina Turner, Maria Carey, Mary J. Blige Quincy Jones. Everyone from Chris Tucker to Chris Rock to Sydney Poitier and many, many more. But at the end of the day, Oprah says, it's not about the stars, it's about the girls, but mostly about the future of this country and this continent. Jeff Koinange, Henley-on-Klip, South Africa.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Goodbye
LLOYD: We hope you'll join us tomorrow, when CNN Student News returns. I'm Monica Lloyd.
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Administration sells troop buildup
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Interactive Feature
SADDAMHUSSEINIRAQUE
Death of the Iraqi Tyrant
Neil MacFarquhar and John F. Burns report on the life and legacy of Saddam Hussein.
Interactive Feature
Interactive Feature: Hussein Sentenced to Death
John F. Burns reports on the scene in the courtroom as the former Iraqi leader was sentenced to death by hanging.
News, commentary and multimedia about Saddam Hussein from The New York Times.Obituary: For 30 Years, a Terror to Iraq and Neighbors (December 30, 2006)Readers' OpinionsReaders shared thoughts on the execution.
Related: Iraq Complete Coverage: The Reach of War Qusay Hussein Uday Hussein
Photographs: Remembering the Attacks
Many Kurds will have their first taste of retribution as the genocide trial against Saddam Hussein begins.
News, commentary and multimedia about Saddam Hussein from The New York Times.Obituary: For 30 Years, a Terror to Iraq and Neighbors (December 30, 2006)Readers' OpinionsReaders shared thoughts on the execution.
Related: Iraq Complete Coverage: The Reach of War Qusay Hussein Uday Hussein
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ARTICLES ABOUT SADDAM HUSSEIN
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Hussein’s Voice Speaks in Court in Praise of Chemical Atrocities
By JOHN F. BURNS
In recordings played in court, Saddam Hussein was heard justifying the use of chemical weapons against the Iraqi Kurds.
January 9, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE, IRAQ
A New Video Posted on Web Shows Hussein After His Death
By MARC SANTORA
The release of the video came as criticism of how Saddam Hussein was taunted as he stood on the gallows continued to reverberate.
January 9, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, BAATH PARTY, IRAQ
Hussein’s Voice Speaks in Court in Praise of Atrocities
By JOHN F. BURNS
In recordings played today in court, Saddam Hussein was heard justifying the use of chemical weapons against the Iraqi Kurds.
January 8, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE, IRAQ
The Timely Death of Gerald Ford
By FRANK RICH
Our long national nightmare in Iraq, far from being over, is about to get a second wind.
January 7, 2007 Opinion Op-Ed
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, UNITED STATES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, FORD, GERALD RUDOLPH JR, IRAQ
In Days Before Hanging, a Push for Revenge and a Push Back From the U.S.
By JOHN F. BURNS
Iraqi and American officials feuded over the execution of Saddam Hussein, and now they offer competing versions of what happened.
January 7, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, IRAQ
THE NATION; A Slim Guidebook for Executing a Deposed Ruler
By MARY JO MURPHY
There’s more “honor” in a bullet than a rope, but history’s examples are few.
January 7, 2007 Week in Review News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, LOUIS XVI, KING OF FRANCE, BHUTTO, ZULFIKAR ALI
Images of Hanging Make Hussein a Martyr to Many
By HASSAN M. FATTAH
Saddam Hussein’s public image in the Arab world has undergone a resurgence of admiration and awe.
January 6, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SUNNI MUSLIMS, ISLAM, SHIITE MUSLIMS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, PUBLIC OPINION, MIDDLE EAST
Lawmakers Criticize Video of Hussein’s Final Minutes
By JEFF ZELENY and HELENE COOPER
Several Republican senators said they were troubled by the video and fearful of the reverberations it could provoke.
January 5, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), MCCAIN, JOHN, SENATE, IRAQ
Boy Hangs Himself After Seeing Reports of Hussein’s Execution
By MAUREEN BALLEZA
The boy watched television reports about Saddam Hussein’s execution and asked about it, said an uncle.
January 5, 2007 U.S. News
OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR; Denying the Facts, Finding the Truth
By SLAVOJ ZIZEK
The United States is continuing, through other means, the greatest crime of Saddam Hussein: his never-ending attempt to topple the Iranian government.
January 5, 2007 Opinion Op-Ed
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, WAR CRIMES, GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, KIRKPATRICK, JEANE J, HAGUE (NETHERLANDS), IRAQ
The Ugly Death of Saddam Hussein
Editorial says outrageous manner of Saddam Hussein's hanging shows why Prime Min Nuri Kamal al-Maliki is not likely to produce national unity government that Bush administration demands and that Iraq desperately needs
January 4, 2007 Opinion Editorial
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, EDITORIALS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, BUSH, GEORGE W, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ; Iraq Defends Hanging, But Holds Hussein Guard
By JAMES GLANZ and JOHN F. BURNS; REPORTING WAS CONTRIBUTED BY MARC SANTORA, SABRINA TAVERNISE, KHALID W. HASSAN, KHALID AL-ANSARY, and ALI ADEEB FROM BAGHDAD, and DAVID STOUT FROM WASHINGTON.
Iraqi Prime Min Nuri Kamal al-Maliki's office mounts its first public defense of way government carried out execution of Saddam
Hussein, saying Iraqi authorities have detained guard who they believe was involved in recording moment in macabre and unauthorized video that has generated revulsion around world; Iraqi officials seek to challenge impression that Hussein, for all his brutal crimes, behaved with more dignity in his final minutes than his seemingly thuggish executioners; United States mi...
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, RECORDINGS AND DOWNLOADS (VIDEO), CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
Hussein Poem: Baathists Bloom, Enemy Is Hollow
Following is the first half of a poem attributed to Saddam Hussein, as transcribed and translated by The New York Times from a reading by his cousin Muayed Dhamin al-Hazza.
January 4, 2007 World News
From Hussein, a Florid Farewell to the Iraqi People
By MARC SANTORA and JOHN F. BURNS
Verses written by Saddam Hussein after he was sentenced to death are his last written words, his relatives said.
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: POETRY AND POETS, IRAQ
Despite Misgivings, White House Says Little Against Hanging
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
Spokesmen for President Bush said he had not seen the execution video, and Mr. Bush himself refused to answer questions about it.
January 4, 2007 World News
MORE ON SADDAM HUSSEIN AND: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, BUSH, GEORGE W, MALIKI, NURI KAMAL AL-, IRAQ
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PRESIDENTESXANANADEGUSMÃO
TIMORXANANADEGUSMÃO
XANANADEGUSMÃO
SEPTEMBER 6, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 9Ballot Power
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIMESMOKING GUN: Joaquim Bernardino Guterres, 25, a pro-independence demonstrator armed only with a pair of rocks, flees Indonesian police on a Dili street; seconds later a policeman shoots and kills him (below).
As East Timor's long-suffering people vote on their future, they are powerless to answer the biggest question of all: Will the violence ever stop?By ANTHONY SPAETH When a nation is born, joy is frequently accompanied by tragedy and chaos. East Timor took a step down the road to independence this week, as more than 400,000 Timorese readied their votes for a referendum on their future. But for all the hope and courage on display on this remote half-island in the Timor Sea, there is an equal measure of fear. Where they should be looking forward, many Timorese are instead mourning for their dead, and an atmosphere of intimidation is in evidence everywhere, from the most remote, upland villages to the open-air stalls of downtown Dili, East Timor's capital. "I need to choose what I want for my country," says a woman vendor as she arranges her scanty offerings of garlic, beans and jackfruit. "I'm only a simple person, but I do have rights."
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MESSAGE BOARD
Indonesia and East Timor
At that moment, an aggressive stranger in a headscarf swaggers across the lane. He flashes his knife and starts to move on. Then comes an ominous thwack: the knife lodges in the wooden bench inches from where the vendor sits. She falls silent. In a microcosm, this is the struggle going on in East Timor. In Monday's referendum, the East Timorese, long-suppressed by overlords in distant Jakarta, are expressing their view on whether or not the territory is to remain a part of Indonesia. But whether their voice will be heard depends on factors beyond their control: those shuddering knives in downtown Dili; the taunting mobs with red-and-white headbands; the threatening displays of bayonets, sidearms and semi-automatic rifles throughout the villages. There are plenty of people who don't want East Timor to break away; some have been trying to frighten people into voting their way, or to skip the referendum altogether. The sense of fear reached a crescendo late last week: on the last two days of official campaigning, at least nine people were killed in the province. According to eyewitnesses, one of the victims, a 25-year-old man, was shot in the head last Thursday by a policeman, part of the Indonesian force called in to protect East Timorese ahead of the vote. Amid the violence, hundreds of people swarmed the piers Friday to fight for space on the last ferry out before the vote. Pro-independence leader Xanana Gusmão called for an armed peacekeeping force to take over, while the United Nations Security Council agreed to increase its unarmed police and military liaisons in the territory. Whether attempts to skew the referendum succeed won't be known until the results are released next week. On the eve of the poll, there was no shortage of Timorese who swore they would stare down the anti-independence forces and vote against Jakarta. "People are prepared to give everything they have for peace and freedom," says Ines Almeida, a political activist who returned from 23 years' exile in Australia to cast her ballot. "If we miss this opportunity, we will stay in hell forever." But even if pro-independence sentiments prevail at the ballot box, Timor's instability and tension aren't likely to simply disappear. Other, more sinister, promises were also being made last week, by people like Helio Caetano Moniz, a member of Live or Die with Indonesia, a militia based in the western part of East Timor. If the vote doesn't go for Indonesia, he warned: "Without a doubt, there is going to be a bloodbath."
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIME
For the moment, however, the bigger story is the rebirth of optimism, which had been nearly non-existent in East Timor. Before the fall of President Suharto in mid-1998, the province was in the iron grip of Jakarta. Suharto ordered the 1975 invasion that captured the territory--resulting in the deaths of some 200,000 civilians and up to 10,000 soldiers--though the resulting political union was never acknowledged by the U.N. or any country save neighboring Australia. Suharto poured billions of dollars of development funds into his new province, dispatched thousands of migrants to speed integration and posted soldiers and intelligence operatives throughout East Timor to deal with the frequently restive locals. Successor B.J. Habibie, however, took the opposite approach early in his presidential term, a move that won international praise. He gave the go-ahead for Monday's U.N.-sponsored referendum, which asks Timorese one simple question: whether or not they want their home to be an autonomous region of Indonesia. A "no" vote implies a preference for full independence. The choices are depicted with stark simplicity on the referendum ballot paper. At the top is a drawing of East Timor with the red-and-white flag of Indonesia; at the bottom, for a "no" vote, the image of the island bears the flag of the National Council of Timorese Resistance, an umbrella group of pro-independence organizations. Habibie says that if the East Timorese reject autonomy, he will start the constitutional process of granting it independence. Similarly, Megawati Sukarnoputri, whose Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle won the largest number of parliamentary seats in June elections, has publicly grumbled about losing East Timor, but has pledged to grant independence if voters reject Indonesia's autonomy offer.
John Stanmeyer--Saba for TIME
Many in East Timor wish to preserve the link with Jakarta. There are 18,000 civil servants, whose jobs would be at risk, as well as 50,000 migrants from other parts of Indonesia. No one knows if the rugged territory, even with natural resources such as marble and sandalwood, could survive on its own. "Come back in a month," says a skeptical Colonel Noer Muis, military commander of East Timor, "and Dili could look like a cowboy town." Portugal, the territory's former colonial master, has pledged to underwrite the province's annual budget of about $100 million for an unspecified number of years of independence. After that, East Timor could become a foreign aid junkie. The pro-autonomy movement and the Indonesian government maintain that once outside the ASEAN trade block, East Timor will have no market for its scant exports. The loss of even one province strikes many as the thin edge of the separatist wedge in unstable, post-Suharto Indonesia. Nationalistic movements are also percolating in the provinces of Aceh, Irian Jaya and Riau. "For Indonesia, East Timor is not at all viable to keep in economic terms," says Suko Bandiyono, senior researcher at Jakarta's Centre for Population and Human Resources Studies. "But in political terms, we need it--if only to keep the country together." Pro-independence Timorese flip-flop that argument. "The rest of Indonesia is falling apart," says Chiquito de Almeida, a staff member of the provincial legislature in the town of Ainaro. "We would rather stand alone and deal with our problems in our own way." East Timor, unlike other Indonesian provinces, is predominantly Roman Catholic and identifies strongly with its Portuguese past. Fears that East Timor could push the archipelago nation toward disintegration are no doubt the root cause of the recent bloodshed. And that tension could continue for a long time. Despite the U.N.'s 1,000 representatives already in East Timor, plus 8,000 Indonesian policemen charged with keeping the peace, armed militia groups have spent the last five months spreading terror in the countryside. (Police have also been involved in recent violence.) In Dili, the armed groups have broken into offices of pro-independence organizations and assassinated people like Manelito Carracalao, the 17-year-old son of pro-independence leader Manuel Carrascalao. The Indonesian military insists it has nothing to do with the militias. But at least two former paramilitary groups established by the military, the Halilintar (Lightning) paramilitary squad and the Garda Paksi (Axis Guard), have transformed themselves into armed opponents of independence. "They became pro-integration militias when the issue of a vote came up," says Andrew McNaughtan, a pro-East Timor activist in Australia. "In Latin American terms they would be known as death squads." All of the local factions, including those run by the pro-independence factions, were supposed to disarm before the referendum. But the thugs with the headbands continue to brandish their guns. Not far from East Timor's western border with the province of East Nusatenggara, a group called Besi Merah Putih (Red-and-White Iron) mans the roadblocks. Anyone who approaches receives a stern warning from heavies with machetes, clubs and semi-automatic rifles. "Turn around for your own safety," one wild-eyed militia member barks to a foreign journalist. "This is a controlled area." In Dili last week, gun-wielding members of a militia known as Aitarak chased reporters toward a hotel. "We got halfway across the no-man's land," says Chris Jones, cameraman for New Zealand's TV 3, "and they just opened fire at us." After a violent incident in Dili last week, Indonesian Lieut. General J.J. Sitompul arrived by helicopter to survey the scene and was asked how the trouble began. "That's a hard question," he said. "How did Kosovo happen?" Despite official denials, people in East Timor assume the military is behind the militias, both to protect Indonesia from disintegration and to safeguard the armed forces' own 24 years' investment in East Timor--in businesses and emotional attachments. But they may ultimately find themselves unable to stop the change. The post-Suharto era is still at a politically inchoate stage; the parliament that convenes in October will be the first democratically functioning body in nearly five decades, and it's anybody's guess how well it will function. The East Timor question may be one of its first considerations. If the referendum is defeated soundly, the newly elected members of the People's Consultative Assembly, or MPR, will have little choice but to heed the voice of the East Timorese. The question is whether weeks of intimidation have managed to make the vote tight. "If they can make the result close to 50-50," says Gusmão, who heads the National Council of Timorese Resistance, "the result will confuse the MPR." Even if the independence supporters prevail, there's no surety of a quick peace in East Timor. "If the independence camp wins," vows Marcelo Pereira, a civil servant in Dili, "we won't accept that and there will be no end to the conflict." East Timor took a big step this week--into an altogether uncertain future. Reported by Jason Tedjasukmana/Ainaro, Lisa Rose Weaver/Dili, Zamira Loebis/Jakarta and Lisa Clausen/Melbourne
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